Reports and Research

Here is a selection of regional FGM reports and more general FGM information. This includes reports and research specific to Somalia and Ethiopia and summaries of international FGM prevention and social change programmes.

Reports and Research in Somalia/Ethiopia

Female genital cutting in Somaliland: Baseline assessment Somaliland Family Health Association (SOFHA)

Newell-Jones, K. (2017). Female genital cutting in Somaliland: Baseline assessment.

Female genital cutting in Somaliland:

Adan, E. (2013). Female Genital Mutilation Survey in Somaliland. University Hospital, Hargeisa, Somaliland.

Exploring the capacity of the Somaliland healthcare system to manage female genital mutilation/cutting-related complications and prevent the medicalization of the practice: a cross-sectional study

Yussuf, M., Matanda, D. J., & Powell, R. A. (2020). Exploring the capacity of the Somaliland healthcare system to manage female genital mutilation/cutting-related complications and prevent the medicalization of the practice: a cross-sectional study. BMC health services research, 20(1), 1-10.

Female Genital Mutilation in Ethiopia

This book is on FGM in Ethiopia takes a human rights perspective and is intended as a resource for human right activists, researchers, donors, policymakers and educators.

Blurred transitions of female genital cutting in a Norwegian Somali community

Johansen, R. E. B. (2019). Blurred transitions of female genital cutting in a Norwegian Somali community. PloS one, 14(8), e0220985.

Exploring the nature and extent of normative change in FGM/C in Somaliland

Powell, R. A., Yussuf, M., Shell-Duncan, B., & Kabiru, C. W. (2020). Exploring the nature and extent of normative change in FGM/C in Somaliland.

A Religious Oriented Approach to Addressing FGM/C among the Somali Community of Wajir, Kenya

Abdi, M. S., & Askew, I. (2009). A religious oriented approach to addressing female genital mutilation/cutting among the Somali community of Wajir, Kenya.

Have we made progress in Somalia after 30 years of interventions? Attitudes toward female circumcision among people in the Hargeisa district

Gele, A. A., Bø, B. P., & Sundby, J. (2013). Have we made progress in Somalia after 30 years of interventions? Attitudes toward female circumcision among people in the Hargeisa district. BMC research notes, 6(1), 1-9.

Prevalence and associated factors of female genital mutilation among Somali refugees in eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Abbas, A. M., Shaaban, O. M., Badran, S. M., Shaltout, A. S., Nasr, A., & Abdullah, S. A. (2016). Risk factors and health hazards of vaginal infections in upper Egypt: a cross sectional study. Thai journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 50-56.

Somalia and the Law

28 Too Many and Thomson Reuters Foundation. Orchid Project | July 2018.

Puntland Religious Fatwa

Religious Fatwa for Banning All Forms of FGM/C.

Situational analysis of FGM/C Stakeholders and Interventions in Somalia

Crawford, S., & Ali, S. (2014). Situational analysis of FGM/C stakeholders and interventions in Somalia. HEART UKAid.

Empowering communities to collectively abandon FGM/C in Somaliland

Newell-Jones, K. (2016). Empowering communities to collectively abandon FGM/C in Somaliland. Action Aid.

Have we made progress in Somalia after 30 years of interventions? Attitudes toward female circumcision among people in the Hargeisa district

Gele, A. A., Bø, B. P., & Sundby, J. (2013). Have we made progress in Somalia after 30 years of interventions? Attitudes toward female circumcision among people in the Hargeisa district. BMC research notes, 6(1), 1-9.

FGM support, barriers to prevention and social change programs

What works and what does not: a discussion of popular approaches for the abandonment of female genital mutilation.

Johansen, R. B. B., Diop, N., Laverack, G., & Leye, E. (2013). What works and what doesn’t. A review of interventions against female genital mutilation. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology International, 2013.

Female Genital Mutilation

This report focuses on the prevalence of FGM, cultural beliefs, challenges and institutional gaps in fighting the practice in Ethiopia.

Evidence to end FGM: REFLECTIONS FROM FIVE YEARS OF RESEARCH

Ashford, L. S., Naik, R., & Greenbaum, C. (2020). Reflections from Five Years of Research on FGM/C.

Female Genital Mutilation in the Middle East: Placing Oman on the Map

This study investigates the prevalence of FGM/C in the Middle Eastern country of Oman and explores which attributes were associated with women’s decisions to cut their own daughters.

UNICEF-UNFPA Accelerating Change

Accelerating Change, Annual Report 2018. UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation.

Social Pressures Behind Female Genital Mutilation

This study examines the socio-cultural and religious beliefs behind FGM and the challenges associated with its eradication in the Upper East Region of Ghana.

Effectiveness of FGM Projects

A study examining the influence of anti-FGM projects on the prevalence of clitoridectomy, infibulation, excision and pricking, in Borama District, Somaliland.

Confronting Female Genital Mutilation: The Role of Youth and ICTS in Changing Africa

This report is on innovative research with African young people to explore whether their use of information technology can contribute to the abandonment of FGM.

Female Genital Mutilation – Reasons, Practice, Effects

This report examines the reasons behind FGM, its effects and barriers to eradicating the practice.

How to Transform a Norm

Reflections on Phase II of the UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation.

The Dynamics of Social Change Towards the Abandonment of FGM/Cutting in Five African Countries

This UNICEF report text examines the social dynamics of the abandonment of FGM across Africa, and seeks to inform policies and programmes aimed at ending the practice through recommendations for future research and programme interventions.

Reports and Research in Somalia/Ethiopia

FGM support, barriers to prevention and social change programs